Climate change is known as the long-term alteration of our average weather patterns. It is mainly caused by the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere due to human activities. These activities include burning fossil fuels, deforestation and industrial processes which release significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
The global average temperature has risen over the past century. The average surface temperature of the Earth is increased by approximately 1.2ยบ Celsius from 1880 to 2020. This massive increase is causing major shifts in some weather patterns which are more frequent and causing severe heat waves. On the other hand, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Has increased significantly due to human activities. The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in the environment in 2021 was around 414 parts per million (ppm), up from preindustrial levels of around 280 ppm.
On the other hand, it due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and the expansion of sea waters as it warms, sea levels are rising rapidly. Sea levels have risen by approximately 20 centimeters since the early 20th century. Besides, the rate of this rise has been accelerating in recent decades. The Arctic region is experiencing the most rapid reductions in sea ice extent and thickness. The minimum extent of Arctic sea ice in September, considered the end of the summer melt season, has decreased at an average rate of about 13.1% per decade from 1979 to 2020.
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